Works Cited Page

Works Cited

Evory, Ann, and Peter M. Gareffa, eds. Contemporary Newsmakers. Detroit, MI: Gale

Research, 1985.

Lightner, Candy, and Nancy Hathaway. Giving Sorrow Words. New York: Warner Books, 1990.

"Candy Lightner." Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2005.Thomas Gale. 7 Jan 2009.

http://www.bookrags.com/biography/candy-lightner/.

Handson, David J.. "Candy Lightner: Founder of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)."

Alcohol: Problems and Solutions. 2007. Sociology Department, State University of New

York. 7 Jan 2009.

http://www2.potsdam.edu/hansondj/controversies/1119636699.html.

"Her Misson Changed the World." Candy Lightner. 2008. WIC biographies. 7 Jan 2009

http://www.wic.org/bio/lightner.htm.

"Mothers Against Drunk Driving." Activist Groups. 2009. Center for Consumer Freedom. 7 Jan

2009 http://www.activistcash.com/organization_overview.cfm/oid/17.

"SADD Mission and Policy." SADD. 2005. SADD Inc.. 10 Jan 2009

http://www.sadd.org/mission.htm.

Pictures:

picture1:http://www.larrythompsonorg.com/images/200_Candy_Lightner.jpg
picture2:http://www.californiastatewebsite.com/images/CaliforniaStateCountyMap.jpg
picture3:http://web.arc.losrios.edu/~edhealth/ARC%20logo.gif
picture4:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Seal_of_the_US_Air_Force.svg/356px-Seal_of_the_US_Air_Force.svg.png
picture5:http://www.safeguardseat.com/bus/images/STAR_on_Seat_large.jpg picture6:http://www.italianfoto.it/immagini/menu%20veicoli/1979%20Oldsmobile%20Cutlass%20Cruiser%20Brougham%20Station%20Wagon%20r3q.jpg picture7:http://www.buyxanaxonline.org/i/xanax.jpg
picture8:http://www.saintedwards.net/images/photo_church1.jpg
picture9:http://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/~cookt/images/history/carnival.jpg
picture10:http://blogs.zdnet.com/projectfailures/images/data-loss-ceos-should-go-to-jail.jpg
icture11:http://www.avenuevine.com/archives/doghouseBTLs-w.jpg picture12:http://www.artfxsigns.com/htmlsite/images/restaurants/images/chu.jpg picture13:http://activerain.com/image_store/uploads/9/2/7/0/8/ar119724439780729.jpg
picture14:http://www.dui.com/dui-library/fatalities-accidents/statistics/images/madd-logo.gif picture15:http://rc-sproul-jr.netfirms.com/MADD.jpg picture16:http://images.shopping.msn.com/img/2/2949/52/783595.gif picture17:http://www.dui.com/dui-library/victims/images/personal-tragedy-02.jpg
picture18:http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/schools/wes/webquests_themes/media_sofie/media_images/drunk_driving/images/Sadd%202_jpg.jpg picture19:http://roadsafety.files.wordpress.com/2008/01/sadd.jpg picture20:http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Valley/2504/logopres.gif
picture21:http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/section/movies/amg/video/cov120/drv300/v394/v39475ldagm.jpg
picture22:http://www.wic.org/pic/lightner.gif

Conclusion

This is another example
of a logo MADD used
to promote itself.

MADD reached its goal in 1997, three years earlier than expected, and was able to reduce the amount of drunk driving related deaths by 20%. Two years later, in 1999, MADD was considered the largest victim-advocate and anti-drunk driving activist organization in the world. The organization consisted of about six million members. There success came from not trying to eliminate and take away drinking as a whole, but rather to try to get people to not drink and drive. Today MADD is present in all fifty states and is involved in many forms internationally. The main of MADD was to prevent drunk driving, educate people about it, and make sure that people do not go unpunished from their horrific acts. MADD reached its goals due to the determination Candy Lightner was able to take from a terrible situation. She touched the lives of many people all over the world and was able to make a difference to millions of people who were in similar situations as she was.

This is a picture of

Candy Lightner

picture21:http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/section/movies/amg/video/cov120/drv300/v394/v39475ldagm.jpg

picture22:http://www.wic.org/pic/lightner.gif

Achievements of MADD

This is an example of the logo's
SADD used.

As MADD grew so did the achievements that Candy won. She received many awards and acknowledgements such as being the first woman to be named one of the California Jaycees’ Five Outstanding Californians, receiving the President’s Volunteer Action Award and the Jefferson Award from the American Institute for Public Service. She also received an honorary doctorate from St. Francis College, and was awarded the Human Dignity Award from the Kessler Institute of Rehabilitation. Another achievement Candy had was passing on her activist ways to her daughter Serena. Serena was inspired by her mother’s ways and created a group for the students to take part in the fight against drunk driving as well. She called it SADD, students against students against driving drunk. However, it was not long till the name of the group changed to students against destructive decisions. The mission statement of SADD was "to provide students with the best prevention and intervention tools possible to deal with the issues of underage drinking, other drug use, impaired driving and other destructive decisions" (SADD, 1). By 2005 they had helped in lowering the percentage of 15-20 year olds who have died driving drunk to 28 percent. Within a few years the group expanded to parts all over the country.
There is a SADD organization at Westborough High School where the students gather together to discuss topics which go on during the school year, including drunk driving, driving without a seatbelt, and more. The statistics show up throughout school for students to learn more.

Above is a picture of the
symbol of the President's
Volunteer action award.



picture18:http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/schools/wes/webquests_themes/media_sofie/media_images/drunk_driving/images/Sadd%202_jpg.jpg
picture19:http://roadsafety.files.wordpress.com/2008/01/sadd.jpg
picture20:http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Valley/2504/logopres.gif

Promoting MADD

A symbol of MADD

This is a strong propoganda for MADD.

As Candy promoted the organization it grew rapidly. Candy was asked to serve on the National Commission on Drunk Driving in 1982 with President Ronald Regan. The first big change that MADD made was in 1984 when MADD was able to successfully change the drinking age. They got the U.S. Congress to raise the drinking age from 18 to 21 which statistics have shown saves about 800 lives each year. Once MADD gained popularity in many other states, Candy began to travel around the world to bring awareness to those who were uneducated about the matters with impaired drivers. After her press conference calls were received, the first out of state chapter of MADD was created in Maryland. A year after the first chapter formation, 25 chapters of MADD were created throughout five states. Over the next few years she continued her promotion of MADD and as president of the organization she appeared on many radio and television shows such as Nightline and Good Morning America. In 1983 she was asked to share her story in a movie NBC wanted to create called Mothers Against Drunk Drivers—The Candy Lightner Story. By the end of that year with all the promoting of MADD there were 184 chapters in 39 states. Two years later, in 1984, there were 325 chapters in 47 states and the national headquarters was relocated in Hurst, Texas.

Candy promoted MADD for years and touched the lives of many people throughout the country. Through her speeches, appearances, press conferences, and writings she was able to change the lives of many people. In 1985 Candy Lightner stepped down from her position as the head of Mothers against drunk driving. She realized that by creating this organization she had skipped over many years of grieving for her daughter’s death. In 1990 Candy Lightner finally opened up to grieve and talked about her daughter’s death by writing a book called Giving

Sorrow Words: How to Cope with Grief and Get on with Your Life. Despite stepping down from her position as head of the organization, Candy still traveled the world giving many drunk driving speeches.

Above to the left is a picture of Candy speaking

at a press conference, and to the right is a picture

of Candy's book.


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picture17:http://www.dui.com/dui-library/victims/images/personal-tragedy-02.jpg

Overcoming Tragedy

Bottles of Wine.

After the death of her daughter, Candy went down a destructive path. She began to drink a bottle of wine each day and even though she had quit smoking two months earlier, she started smoking again. Friends from all over came to comfort Candy and there was many people there to support and help her. However, all she wanted was her daughter to be back and alive.

Candy and Steve decided neither of them were enough financially stable to have an expensive funeral. However, Candy did want Cari to look beautiful in her casket. Because, Cari was a crime-case her body had to run many tests and the doctor taking care of her body said they might have to have a close casket ffor the funeral because her body was too mangled and it would be hard for the family to view Cari for the last time like that. Candy fought and fought because she wanted her little girl to be seen one last time by the community. Cari's best friend went out and bought the most perfect pink trimmed dress with flowers knowing that Cari would have loved it. Cari was going to look gorgeous with or without the open casket. However, Candy still pushed and wanted them to do whatever they could to go through with the open casket. Although, Steve kept proclaiming he did not have the money to support an expensive funeral as soon as him and Candy went to pick out a casket, they fell in love with the most beautiful casket. It was all white and they knew the second they saw it that it would be the perfect casket for Cari. When the doctor told Candy to come in and view Cari in her casket she was unsure whether or not it would be open. Deep down she believe it would be, but she asked her friend to go ahead and view the casket first. When they got the room and saw the casket Candy ran in front of her friend and realized the casket was open,. They saw how Cari looked perfect in her dress and white casket, and Candy saw that everything worked out in the end.

On the day of the funeral the whole community was gathered together and although it seemed like a depressing day Candy smiled while she greeted the guests. Of course she was sad, but she wanted to stay strong. Steve, herself, Travis, and Serena greeted their friends and family and welcomed them. Everyone paid their respects and made Candy feel supported and a true part of the community. A young boy, a friend of Cari, went up to Candy and gave her an envelope offering to pay for the funeral. Candy smiled, thanked him, but could not take the money. She learned later that the money was from all the children at the Catholic school. They had done whatever they could to raise money for the Lightners. As the days passed, Candy's friends were a very important part of her life and her support system. However, she was still upset and grieving. She was not sure the outcome of Clarence and how he felt about killing her daughter. He never apologized to the family for taking the life of Cari, however his wife apologized. Candy thought it was weird that Clarence would not pay his respects but realized it was on him. She could grieve for him and pray but he would have to deal with it on his own time, if that time came. The night she found out that Clarence was serving only two years in jail she was furious, she was going to dinner with her friends, Frank Walker, Leslie Bunny, and her sister, Cathy Cockman. They went to Chuck’s Steakhouse and before eating they sat at the bar and waited. Candy was still distraught and asked many times what she was going to do, and how she was going to deal with the pain. Deciding that she wanted to make a difference, Candy said that she was going to make people aware of what was going on in the world by starting an organization. Her friend Leslie who was always by her side said, “And your going to call it MADD, Mothers against drunk driving” (Lightner 9). The organization began as mothers against drivers but changed in 1984 to mothers against drunk driving.

Through MADD, the organization that Candy created, she was able to find a way to deal with her anger and the serious problems that took her daughter away from her. Candy had many goals for the group and one of which was to as she put it eliminate “‘the only socially accepted form of homicide’” and to put an end to the many deaths each year due to traffic deaths dealing with impaired drivers.

A picture of the resturant

where MADD started.

Also, another one of the main focuses of the organization was to

lobby for mandatory sentencing for every person who is convicted of drunk driving and to give any counseling necessary for those victims. In the eight years that Candy Lightner headed MADD she was able to change her own personal tragedy into an education process for society.

This is an example of what one of the
many signs MADD posted all around the
state looked like.

picture11:http://www.avenuevine.com/archives/doghouseBTLs-w.jpg
picture12:http://www.artfxsigns.com/htmlsite/images/restaurants/images/chu.jpg
picture13:http://activerain.com/image_store/uploads/9/2/7/0/8/ar119724439780729.jpg

The Death of Cari Lightner

This is a picture of a common catholic school
which Cari attended.

This is a picture of a Carnival similar

to the one which Cari was on her way

to the day of her death

On May 3, 1980 another accident occurred this time with her then 13-year-old daughter, Cari. Cari had just finished her softball game and was waiting for Candy to pick her up and bring her to the Catholic school carnival. After waiting for a long time, Candy decided that it would be fine if Cari walked to the carnival with her friends, while Candy went shopping with a friend. Cari ended up walking alone and on her way to the Carnival, Cari was hit from behind by a drunk driver. She was thrown 125 feet through the air and landed in the middle of the road. Her body was so badly damaged that not one single organ was able to be saved for donation. Candy, being out shopping with her friend, had no idea what had happened until she returned home. She pulled into the driveway to find her father and ex-husband Steve waiting on her front lawn. Candy thought that Steve had come and was angry that she did not have the kids ready for him to take for the weekend, however that was no where close to what had happened. When she got out of her car her dad approached her and told her what had happened. Candy was in shock and collapsed on the lawn. After being carried into her house Candy began screaming and could not believe what had just happened. She thought her ex-husband and her father were playing a sick joke on her and she yelled at them saying, "why do you hate me so much?" (p. 2) When she realized the tragedy was not a lie she broke down and wondered why it had to be her little girl.

Clarence William Busch was the name of the driver who hit and brutally killed Cari. Candy found out that after hitting her daughter Busch drove off as if nothing had ever happened. When he hit Cari, Busch had had four prior drunk driving convictions and had not served more than 48 hours for any of the convictions. Also, Candy later found out that he had just been arrested for another hit-and-run accident just two days before Cari’s death and let out after a day in jail. The policemen on her case told Candy that she would be lucky if Busch saw any jail time and that he was likely to see no prison time. He told Candy that it was just the way the system worked, and there was no changing it. Clarence William Busch was sentenced to two years in jail, but was released after serving 16 months in jail. Candy was infuriated with this outcome and determined to make a change in the world. The picture to the left is a picture of a man being arrested for a drunk driving accident.

picture8:http://www.saintedwards.net/images/photo_church1.jpg

picture9:http://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/~cookt/images/history/carnival.jpg

picture10:http://blogs.zdnet.com/projectfailures/images/data-loss-ceos-should-go-to-jail.jpg

Impaired driver's impact on her family

This is a picture of an old fashioned
car seat.



Impaired drivers and drunk driving accidents seemed to always find a way into the life of Candy and her family. Candy encountered many problems throughout her life with these impaired drivers, and received much tragedy from them as a result. The first incident occurred when her twin girls, Cari and Serena were 18 months old. The girls were being taken care of by Candy’s mom while she was at work one day. Her mother decided to take the girls out to the store and soon after seat belting the girls in, they were rear ended by a drunk driver. Cari was strapped in tight in the front seat and was sitting between two adults, which saved her from any injury. However, Serena was sitting in the back strapped into “an old-fashioned car seat that hooked over the back of the seat”(Lightner 10). During the accident it flipped over and ended upside down on the floor of the back seat. Everyone in the car was rushed into the hospital where Candy worked, however, Serena being lacerated from the shattered window was the only one in critical condition. The glass was removed from all over Serena’s body and the crash left her covered with black and blue marks. After a week she was fully recovered but Candy was shocked after the terrifying incident. She never followed through with the case and was unsure of what happened to the driver that had hit her girls.

This is a picture of the type

of car Candy's mom drove.

Six years, in 1975, after the incident with her twin girls, Candy suffered another accident with an impaired driver. This time, it was with her then four year old son Travis. Travis was playing out side in the front yard of the Lightner house. He went out into the street to pick up a ball that had rolled out into the middle of the road and was run over by an unlicensed driver who was also on tranquilizers. Travis was rushed to the hospital and suffered many serious injuries. He was temporarily paralyzed on one side of his body and “suffered a collapsed lung, broken ribs, a broken leg, and a fractured skull” and was in and out of a coma for many days (Encyclopedia of World Biography). After many required surgeries to fix all the damage caused to his body, Travis was diagnosed with permanent brain damage. This time Candy did not overlook the accident and pursued it in court. However, Candy unfortunately lost the case. The police did not issue a ticket and claimed that it was actually Travis’ fault for running into the street. The driver was let off with no ramifications, and Candy was devastated.

Tranquilizers.

picture5:http://www.safeguardseat.com/bus/images/STAR_on_Seat_large.jpg
picture6:http://www.italianfoto.it/immagini/menu%20veicoli/1979%20Oldsmobile%20Cutlass%20Cruiser%20Brougham%20Station%20Wagon%20r3q.jpg
picture7:http://www.buyxanaxonline.org/i/xanax.jpg

Biography of Candy Lightner

On May 30, 1946 Candy Lightner was born to the parents of Dykes Charles Dodderidge and Katherine Dodderidge. The Dodderidges also had another daughter named Cathy. At the time the family was living in Pasadena, California and both of her parents had jobs in the U.S air force. Her father, Charles Dodderidge was a career serviceman to the U.S. air force and her mom, Katherine Dodderidge, was an exchange system employee. Growing up under the strict control of her U.S. air force parents, Candy graduated from high school in 1964. After high school Candy went on to attend the American River College in Sacramento. To the right is a picture of the state of California, and to the left is a picture of the sign of her college she attended.

During her years at the American River College, Candy met her future husband, Steve Lightner. Like her father, Steve was a U.S Air Force serviceman. They married soon after meeting and had three children throughout their marriage. In 1967 their first two children, twin girls, were born. They named the twin girls Cari and Serena. A few years later the couple gave birth to a son, whom they named Travis. After many rough years of arguing and disagreeing on everything, the couple divorced. Feeling alone, Candy moved to Fair Oaks, California and supported her self by entering the real estate business. Things in Candy's life were going well for her and the real estate business was flourishing. While Candy was busy supporting herself and the children, Steve remarried extremely quickly coincidentally to another woman named Candy. Candy Lightner wrote in her book that she did not meet Steve's new wife until after Cari's death when Steve and his wife attended the funeral. Above is a picture of the Air Force department symbol.

picture2:http://www.californiastatewebsite.com/images/CaliforniaStateCountyMap.jpg

picture3:http://web.arc.losrios.edu/~edhealth/ARC%20logo.gif

picture4:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Seal_of_the_US_Air_Force.svg/356px-Seal_of_the_US_Air_Force.svg.png

Introduction

This is a picture of Candy Lightner.


Candy Lightner is an amazing woman who started her journey to make people aware and show the results impaired drivers have on families all around the world. She began her journey against drunk driving after her 13-year-old daughter was struck from behind by a drunk driver on the way to a catholic school carnival. Being horrified by the lack of conviction the man who killed her daughter received, Candy was infuriated and vowed to make a difference in the world. She was able to take her convert her personal tragedies into a fight which lead to an extraordinary organization. After venting her anger to many of her friends one suggested the name Mothers Against Drunk Driving, MADD. The name seemed to fit the organization perfectly. MADD was the union of many people who were in similar situations with losing a child or family member to an impaired driving accident. This organization started small and by the end of 1999 with the help of many close friends and family it had reached many states. With Candy's ability to turn her horrific event into a support group, she was able to create a wonderful organization which is still striving throughout the country in every single state today.

picture1:http://www.larrythompsonorg.com/images/200_Candy_Lightner.jpg